Commodore Computer 4023 Manual de usuario descargar pdf (Pagina 10)

(Confused 4023 Characters continued from Page 9)

The Commodore dot matrix printers work fine in the

capitals/graphics mode, which is the mode that they start up in.

There are two ways to enter the lower/upper case mode: (1)

Print a chr$(17) (cursor down), which causes it to temporarily

go into the lower/upper case mode, until either the end of the

line is printed, or until a chr$(145) (cursor up) is printed. (2)

Issue the following commands:

open 7,4,7: print#7: close 7

which will cause it to stay in lower/upper case mode.

Once in the lower/upper case mode, there are four ways to

go back into the capitals/graphics mode:

(1) Print a chr$(17) (undone by chr$(145) or end of the line)

(2) Issue the commands:

open 8,4,8: print#8: close 8

(which is not available on the older Commodore dot matrix

printers, such as the 2022 or 2023).

(3) Reset the power to the printer.

(4) Issue a command to the printer to reset using

open 10,4,10: print#10: close 10

Superscript assumes that you haven’t issued commands to the

printer to change it to lower/upper case mode. So it sends a

cursor down prior to each line it prints, if printing to a Commo

dore dot matrix printer. (This is what causes the q at the

beginning of each line of a Superscript output file read back in.

It was actually a cursor down transformed to a q.)

Regardless of how it gets into lower/upper case mode, the

printer confuses certain CBM ASCII codes as long as it is in

this mode. In particular, it prints the character represented by

a chr$(219) when given a chr$(91) (the left bracket) and a

chr$(91) when given a chr$(219). It prints a chr$(220) when

given a chr$(92) and a chr$(92) when given a chr$(220). And

so on to a chr$(223) when given a chr$(95) and vice versa. That

is, these 5 characters were inadvertently switched in the

lower/upper case mode section of the character generator ROM.

There are 2 ways to unconfuse these characters: (1) go back

to capitals/graphics mode temporarily just when printing the

confused characters, or (2) deliberately use the "wrong" char

acter for each confused character and let the printer confuse it

back to the right character. The programming trick we used

above did the latter, but only when printing to a Commodore dot

matrix printer. So does the utility program described below.

A USEFUL UTILITY:

On the Swan’s Utility disk is a program named "copy" which

copies files from any (readable) device to any (writable) device.

When sending data to the printer the program asks whether it is

one of the Commodore printers in lower/upper case mode. If

you answer positively, it sets a flag for the machine language

portion of the program to deliberately confuse the 5 confused

characters on the way to the printer, which re-confuses them

back to what they should be. The data can be anything -

Something you downloaded from a BBS, a Superscript output

file - any CBM ASCII data. Happy printing!

4023 GRAPHICS IN SUPERSCRIPT n by Neil Cumfer

SuperScript can indeed print graphic characters, including

hearts, spades, diamonds, clubs, but only on the 4023 printer,

not on the screen. A word of caution: this may not be worth

the trouble, as the appearance of the text on the screen will be

vastly different from what will be printed out.

There are at least two methods to print graphics. The first

one is suitable when you want large areas of graphics/upper case

characters. Lower case/upper case can also be used, but the two

modes cannot be mixed on the same print line.

The second method is suitable when you only want a small

number of graphics, and it allows for graphics and lower case

to coexist on the same line. The first method is very easy. All

you have to do is to select "1. Epson or Other matrix" from

the start-up menu, instead of "0. CBM Matrix Printers." At

the secondary menu which appears when you choose Epson,

select options c (for cbm, not ASCII) and i (for IEEE).

When you choose CBM Matrix Printers, SuperScript will

automatically supply a cursor-down to the printer at the start of

each line, thus allowing only lower case/upper case to be printed.

But when you choose Epson, the cursor-down is not inserted;

thus the printer will operate in either graphics/upper case (its

power-on default) or in lower case/upper case, whichever mode

it is in when SuperScript outputs text to the printer.

To change the print mode within SuperScript, use the secon

dary address command described on page 132 of the SuperScript

manual. *sa8 (return) will put the printer in graphics/upper

case mode, while *sa7 (return) will put it in lower case/upper

case mode. Note that the secondary address command must be

the last item on a line, like the right margin command, or on a

line by itself, so that graphics cannot appear on the same line as

lower case letters. Of course, a few graphics are always avail

able—those that can be generated with the control key in con

junction with the non-alphabetic keys. Once a mode has been

established, the printer will remain in that mode until the

alternate secondary address command is encountered.

When the printer is in graphics/upper case, as it is when first

turned on, all letters which are in lower case on the screen will

be printed out in upper case, and all letters which are in upper

case on the screen will print as the corresponding graphics on

the keyboard. (But the graphics which normally print wrong,

such as the right bracket, will still print wrong.) So it is best to

begin with a secondary address and not leave things to chance,

especially since Superscript’s normal operation conditions you

to think the printer will start out in lower case.

The second method requires some advance preparation

(once), and a different methods of loading SuperScript (each

time). Insert the SuperScript disk in drive 0, and any other disk

in drive 1. Load the basic program "ss2 maketables" into

memory from the SuperScript disk with this command:

load"ss2 maketables"

List line 3030 with this command:

list 3030

It should appear as follows: 3030 data 0,0,0 Change the

screen to read

3030 data 17,0,0 (but read the last paragraph) and push while

the cursor is somewhere on that line. (This last step will change

the program in memory as well as on the screen.)

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